[*Student/Postdoc author]

Reassessment of the possible size, form, weight, cruising speed, and growth parameters of the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), and new evolutionary insights into its gigantism, life history strategies, ecology, and extinction

Shimada, K., Motani, R., Sternes, P.C., Tomita, T., Bazzi, M., Collareta, A., Gayford, J.H., Türtscher, J., Jambura, P.L., Kriwet, J., Vullo, R., Long, D.J., Summers, A.P., Maisey, J.G., Underwood, C., Ward, D.J., Maisch, H.M. IV, Perez, V.J., Feichtinger, I., Naylor, G.J.P., Moyer, J.K., Higham, T.E., da Silva, J.P.C.B., Bornatowski, H., González-Barba, G., Griffiths, M.L., Becker, M.A. & Siversson, M., 2025. Palaeontologia Electronica , no. 28.1.a12.

A high-resolution multiproxy speleothem record of Eastern China hydroclimate variation during Last Glacial Maximum

Xue, S., Zhang, H., Griffiths, M.L., He, C., Liu, Y., Huang, J., Cheng, H., Guo, W., Wu, S., Zhou, J., Ning, Y., Chen, L., Wang, C., Zhu, Z., Xie, S., 2025. Quaternary Science Reviews 350, no. 109152.

Decoupled terrestrial temperature and hydroclimate during the Plio-Pleistocene in the East Asian monsoonal region

Qian, S., Xu, Q., Griffiths, M.L., Yang, H., and Xie, S., 2024. Quaternary Science Reviews 344, no. 108955.

Local hydroclimate alters interpretation of speleothem δ¹⁸O records

*Patterson, E.W., Skiba, V., Wolf, A., Griffiths, M.L., McGee, D., Bùi, T.N., Trần, M.X., Đinh, T.H., Đỗ-Trọng, Q., Goldsmith, G.R., Ersek, V., and Johnson, K.R., 2024. Nature Communications 15, no. 9064.

SISALv3: a global speleothem stable isotope and trace element database

Kaushal, Nikita, Franziska A. Lechleitner, Micah Wilhelm, Khalil Azennoud, Janica C. Bühler, Kerstin Braun, Yassine Ait Brahim and SISAL Working Group Members, 2024. Earth system science data 16, no. 4: 1933-1963.

White shark comparison reveals a slender body for the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae)

Sternes, P.C., Jambura, P.L., Türtscher, J., Kriwet, J., Siversson, M., Feichtinger, I., Naylor, G.J.P., Summers, A.P., Maisey, J.G., Tomita, T., Moyer, J.K., Higham, T.E., da Silva, J., Bornatowski, H., Long, D.J., Perez, V.J., Collareta, A., Underwood, C., Ward, D.J., Vullo, R., González-Barba, G., Maisch IV, H.M., Griffiths, M.L., Becker, M.A., Wood, J.J., and Shimada, K. , 2024. Palaeontologia Electronica 27: 1-20.

Enigmatic Carbonate Isotope Values in Shark Teeth: Evidence for Environmental and Dietary Controls

Karnes, M.E., Chan, R.L., Kuntz, J.P., Griffiths, M.L., Shimada, K., Becker, M.A., Maisch IV, H.M., Eagle, R.A., Brenner-Coltrain, J., Miller, S., Kim, S.L., 2024. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 635, 111943.

High-Resolution, Multiproxy Speleothem Record of the 8.2 ka Event From Mainland Southeast Asia

Wood, C.T., Johnson, K.R., Lewis, L.E., Wright, K., Wang, J.K., Borsato, A., Griffiths, M.L., Mason, A., Henderson, G., Setera, J.B., Frisia, S., Keophanhya, S., White, J.C., 2023. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023PA004675.

Deciphering local and regional hydroclimate resolves contradicting evidence on the Asian monsoon evolution

*Wolf, A., Ersek, V., Braun, T., French, A., McGee, D., Bernasconi, S.M. Skiba, V., Griffiths, M.L., Johnson, K.R., Fohlmeister, J., Breitenbach, S.F.M., Pausata, F.S.R., Tabor, C.R., Longman, J., Roberts, W.H.G., Chandan, D., Peltier, W.R., Salzmann, U., Limbert, D., Trinh, D.A., 2023. Nature Communications 14, 5697.

Glacial changes in sea level modulated millennial-scale variability of Southeast Asian autumn monsoon rainfall

*Patterson, E.W., Johnson, K.R., Griffiths, M.L., Kinsley, C.W., McGee, D., Du, X., Pico, T., *Wolf, A., Ersek, V., Mortlock, R.A. and Yamoah, K.A., 2023. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120(27), p.e2219489120.

Endothermic physiology of extinct megatooth sharks

Griffiths, M.L., Eagle, R.A., Kim, S.L., *Flores, R.J., Becker, M.A., Maisch IV, H.M., Trayler, R.B., *Chan, R.L., McCormack, J., *Akhtar, A.A. and Tripati, A.K., 2023. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120(27), p.e2218153120. See associated Commentary.

On the Remote Impacts of Mid-Holocene Saharan Vegetation on South American Hydroclimate: A Modeling Intercomparison

*Tiwari, S., Ramos, R.D., Pausata, F.S.R., LeGrande, A.N., Griffiths, M.L., Beltrami, H., Wainer, I., de Vernal, A., Litchmore, D.T., Chandan, D. and Peltier, W.R., 2023. Geophysical Research Letters 50, doi: 10.1029/2022GL101974.

Northern high-latitude sea ice variation linked with East Asian monsoon anomalies during the Younger Dryas

Chen, X., Zhang, H., Griffiths, M.L., Peng, X., Yang, L., Yu, M., Huang, J., Xue, S., Cheng, H. and Chen, S., 2023. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 626, doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111702.

Tessellated calcified cartilage and placoid scales of the Neogene megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), offer new insights into its biology and the evolution of regional endothermy and gigantism in the otodontid clade

Shimada, K., Yamaoka, Y., Kurihara, Y., Takakuwa, Y., Maisch IV, H.M., Becker, M.A., Eagle, R.A. and Griffiths, M.L., 2023. Historical Biology, doi: 10.1080/08912963.2023.2211597.

Holocene forcing of East Asian hydroclimate recorded in a subtropical peatland from southeastern China

Huang, X., Zhang, H., Griffiths, M.L., Zhao, B., Pausata, F.S.R., Tabor, C., Shu, J., and Xie, S., 2023. Climate Dynamics, 1-13, doi: 10.1007/s00382-022-06333-x.

Revisiting body size trends and nursery areas of the Neogene megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), reveals Bergmann’s rule possibly enhanced its gigantism in cooler waters

Shimada, K., Maisch IV, H.M., Perez, J., Becker, M.A., and Griffiths, M.L., 2023. Historical Biology, doi: 10.1080/08912963.2022.2032024.

A fully calibrated and updated mid-Holocene climate reconstruction for Eastern South America

Gorenstein, I., Prado, L.F., Bianchini, P.R., Wainer, I., Griffiths, M.L., Pausata, F.S.R., Yokoyama, E., 2022. Quaternary Science Reviews 292, doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107646.

Constraining cloud and convective parameterizations in a climate model using paleoclimate data

*Ramos, R.D., LeGrande, A.N., Griffiths, M.L., Elsaesser, G., Litchmore, D.T., Tierney, J.E., Pausata, F.S.R., and Nusbaumer, J., 2022. Journal of Advances in Modeling Systems, doi: 10.1029/2021MS002893.

Cenozoic megatooth sharks occupied extremely high trophic positions

*Kast, E.R., Griffiths, M.L., Kim, S.L., Rao, Z.C., Shimada, K., Becker, M.A., Maisch, H.M., Eagle, R.A., *Clarke, C.A., *Neumann, A.N., *Karnes, M.E., Lüdecke, T., Leichliter, J.N., Martínez-García, A., *Akhtar, A.A., Wang, X.T., Haug, G.H., Sigman, D.M., 2022. Science Advances 8, eabl6529. See associated Focus.

Trophic position of Otodus megalodon and great white sharks through time revealed by zinc isotopes

McCormack, J., Griffiths, M.L., Kim, S.L., Shimada, K., Karnes, M., Maisch IV, H.M., Pederzani, S., Bourgon, N., Jaouen, K., Becker, M.A., Jons, N., Sisma-Ventura, G., Straube, N., Pollerspock, J., Hublin, J.J., Eagle, R.A., and Tutken, T., 2022. Nature Communications 13, 2980.

Asian monsoon evolution linked to Pacific temperature gradients since the Late Miocene

Lu, J., Yang, H., Griffiths, M.L., Burls, N.J., Xiao, G., Yang, J., Wang, J., Johnson, K.R., Xie, S., 2021. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 563, 116882.

Ontogenetic growth pattern of the extinct megatooth shark Otodus megalodon, and implications for its reproductive biology, development, and life expectancy

Shimada, K., Bonnan, M.F., Becker, M.A., Griffiths, M.L., 2021. Historical Biology, doi: 10.1080/08912963.2020.1861608.

Body, jaw, and dentition lengths of macrophagous lamniform sharks, and body size evolution in Lamniformes with special reference to ‘off-the-scale’ gigantism of the megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon

Shimada, K., Becker, M.A. and Griffiths, M.L., 2020. Historical Biology, doi: 10.1080/08912963.2020.1812598, pp.1-17.

Rainwater isotopes in central Vietnam controlled by two oceanic moisture sources and rainout effects

*Wolf, A., Roberts, W.H., Ersek, V., Johnson, K.R. and Griffiths, M.L., 2020. Scientific Reports 10, 1-14.

End of Green Sahara amplified mid-to late Holocene megadroughts in mainland Southeast Asia

Griffiths, M.L., Johnson, K.R., Pausata, F.S., White, J.C., Henderson, G.M., Wood, C.T., Yang, H., Ersek, V., Conrad, C. and Sekhon, N., 2020. Nature communications 11(1), 1-12.

A record of the δ⁴⁴/⁴⁰Ca and [Sr] of seawater over the last 100 million years from fossil elasmobranch tooth enamel

*Akhtar, Alliya A., Santi, L.M., Griffiths, M.L., Becker, M., Eagle, R.A., Kim, S., Kocsis, L., Rosenthal, Y., and Higgins, J.A., 2020. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 543, 116354.

Chondrichthyans from the Lower Clayton Limestone Unit of the Midway Group (Paleocene) near Malvern, Arkansas, USA, with Comments on the K/Pg boundary

Maisch IV, H.M., Becker, M.A., Griffiths, M.L., 2019. PalZ, doi: 10.1007/s12542-019-00494-7.

Cave lipid biomarkers reveal increased soil microbial respiration during Holocene warm periods

Wang, C., Bendle, J., Greene, S.E., Griffiths, M.L., Huang, J., Moossen, H., Zhang, H., Ashley, K., Xie, S., 2019. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 525, 115754.

The potential and limitations of diatoms as environmental indicators in Mid-Atlantic coastal wetlands

Desianti, N., Potapova, M., Enache, M., Griffiths, M.L., *Biskup, K.,*Degen, A., DaSilva, M., Millemann, D., Lippincott, L., Watson, E., Gray, A., Nikitina, D., 2019. Estuaries and Coasts 42, 1440-1458.

Hydroclimatic variability in Southeast Asia over the past two millennia

*Wang, J.K., Johnson, K.R., Borsato, A., Amaya, D.J., Griffiths, M.L., Henderson, G.M., Frisia, S., 2019. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 525, 115737.

East Asian hydroclimate modulated by the position of the westerlies during Termination I

*Zhang, H., Griffiths, M.L., Chiang, J.C.H., Kong, W., Wu, S., Atwood, A., Huang, J., Cheng, H., Ning, Y., Xie, S., 2018. Science 362, 580-583. See associated Perspective.

Tropical and high latitude forcing of enhanced megadroughts in Northern China during the last four terminations

Tang, Changyan, Yang, H., Pancost, R.D., Griffiths, M.L., Xiao, G., Dang, X., Xie, S., 2017. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 479, 98-107.

Comparing proxy and model estimates of hydroclimate variability and change over the Common Era

Smerdon, J.E., Luterbacher, J., Phipps, S.J., Anchukaitis, K.J., Ault, T., Coats, S., Cobb, K.M., Cook, B.I., Colose, C., Felis, T., Gallant, A., Jungclaus, J.H., Konecky, B., LeGrande, A., Lewis, S., Lopatka, A.S., Man, W., Mankin, J.S., Maxwell, J.T., Otto-Bliesner, B.L., Partin, J.W., Singh, D., Steiger, N.J., Stevenson, S., Tierney, J.E., Zanchettin, D., Zhang, H., Atwood, A.R., Andreu-Hayles, L., Baek, S.H., Buckley, B., Cook, E.R., D’Arrigo, R., Dee, S.G., Griffiths, M., Kulkarni, C., Kushnir, Y., Lehner, F., Leland, C., Linderholm, H.W., Okazaki, A., Palmer, J., Piovano, E., Raible, C.C., Rao, M.P., Scheff, J., Schmidt, G.A., Seager, R., Widmann, M., Williams, A.P., Xoplaki, E., 2017. Climate of the Past 13.12, 1851-1900.

Antarctic link with East Asian Summer monsoon variability during the Heinrich Stadial-Bølling interstadial transition

*Zhang, H.-B., Griffiths, M.L., Xie, S.-C., Huang, J.-H., Cai, Y.-J., Wang, C.F., Zhang, F., Cheng, H., Ning, Y.-F., Hu, C.-H., 2016. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 453, 243-251.

Interannual controls on oxygen isotope variability in Asian monsoon precipitation and implications for paleoclimate reconstructions

*Yang, H., Johnson, K.R., Griffiths, M.L. and Yoshimura, K., 2016. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 121(14), pp.8410-8428.

Western Pacific hydroclimate linked to global climate variability over the past two millennia

Griffiths, M.L., Kimbrough, A.K., Gagan, M.K., Drysdale, R.N., Cole, J., Johnson, K., Zhao, J.-x., Cook, B., Hellstrom, J.C., Hantoro, W.S., 2016. Nature Communications, 7:11719, doi: 10.1038/ncomms11719.

Rapid interhemispheric climate links via the Australasian monsoon during the last deglaciation

Ayliffe, L.K., Gagan, M.K., Zhao, J.-x., Drysdale, R.N., Hellstrom, J.C., Hantoro, W.S., Griffiths, M.L., Scott-Gagan, H., St. Pierre, E., Cowley, J.A., Suwargadi, B.W., 2013. Nature Communications, 4:2908, DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3908.

Australasian monsoon response to Dansgaard-Oeschger event 21 and teleconnections to higher latitudes

Griffiths, M.L., Drysdale, R.N., Gagan, M.K., Hellstrom, J.C., Couchoud, I., Vonhof, H.B., Ayliffe, L.K., Hantoro, W.S., 2013. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 369-370, 294-304.

Climate variability over the last 35,000 years recorded in marine and terrestrial archives in the Australian region: an OZ-INTIMATE compilation

Reeves, J.M., Barrows, T.T., Cohen, T.J., Kiem, A.S., Bostok, H.C., Fitzsimmons, K.E., Jansen, J.D., Kemp, Krause, C., Petherick, L., Phipps, S.J., OZ-INTIMATE Members, 2013. Quaternary Science Reviews 74, 21-34.

Palaeoenvironmental change in tropical Australasia over the last 30,000 years – a synthesis from the OZ-INTIMATE group

Reeves, J.M., Bostock, H.C., Ayliffe, L.K., Barrows, T.T, De Decker, P., Devreindt, L., Dunbar, G.B., Drysdale, R.N., Fitzsimmons, K., Gagan, M.K., Griffiths, M.L., Haberle, S.G., Jansen, J.D., Krause, C., Lewis, S., McGregor, H.V., Mooney, S.D., Moss, P., Nanson, G.C., Purcell, A., van der, K., 2013. Quaternary Science Reviews 74, 97-114.

Abrupt increase in east Indonesian rainfall from flooding of the Sunda Shelf ~9,500 years ago

Griffiths, M.L., Drysdale, R.N., Gagan, M.K., Zhao, J.-x., Hellstrom, J.C., Ayliffe, L.K., Hantoro, W.S., Suwargadi, B.W., 2013. Quaternary Science Reviews 74, 273-279.

Hydrological control of the dead carbon fraction in a tropical Holocene speleothem

Griffiths, M.L., Drysdale, R.N., Hua, Q., Fohlmeister, J., Johnson, K., Hellstrom, J.C., Gagan, M.K., Zhao, J.-x., 2012. Quaternary Geochronology 14, 81-93.

Younger Dryas-Holocene temperature and rainfall history of southern Indonesia from δ¹⁸O in speleothem calcite and fluid inclusions

Griffiths, M.L., Drysdale, R. N., Vonhof, H.B., Gagan, M.K., Zhao, J-x., Ayliffe, L.K., Hantoro, W.S., Hellstrom, J.C., Cartwright, I., Frisia, S., Suwargadi, B.W., 2010. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 295, 30-36.

Evidence for Holocene changes in Australian-Indonesian monsoon rainfall from stalagmite trace element and stable isotope ratios

Griffiths, M.L., Drysdale, R.N., Gagan, M.K., Ayliffe, L.K., Frisia, S., Zhao, J.-x., Hellstrom, J.C., Fischer, M.J., Hantoro, W.S., Feng, Y.-x., Suwargadi, B.W., 2010. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 292, 27-38.

Increasing Australian-Indonesian monsoon rainfall linked to early Holocene sea-level rise

Griffiths, M.L., Drysdale, R.N., Gagan, M.K., Zhao, J.-x., Ayliffe, L.K., Hellstrom, J.C., Hantoro, W.S., Frisia, S., Feng, Y.-x., Cartwright, I., St. Pierre, E., Fischer, M.J., Suwargadi, B.W., 2009. Nature Geoscience 2, 636-639. See associated Backstory.

Variations of Twentieth Century Temperature and Precipitation Extreme Indicators in the Northeast United States

Griffiths, M.L., and Bradley, R.S., 2007. Journal of Climate 20, 5401-5417.